thulukka nachiyar in srirangam

In Aadhi sehshan in parkadal and blesses with his three wives namely Sridevi, Boodevi and Renganachiyar in the first enclosure of temple Srirangam. The inner temple,was fiercely protected by the staunch vaishnavas, who refused to let the muslims defile their holiest shrine. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Sixty long years passed by. So they waited for night to come upon, and when the princess was deep in sleep, they retrieved the idol and started out of the city. It is almost like hillocks of hold submerged under earth and will be revealed at the right time before the end of kaliyuga. The child too tripped and fell into a deep ravine, and ultimately reached Vaikuntha. All the Alvars have sung in praise of the deity enshrined in the huge temple in the center of the town. aravindan said this on June 13, 2010 at 12:55 | Reply. In Srirangam temple, the presiding deity, Ranganatha, a form of Vishnu, receives a daily offering of rotis, sweet with a heady scent of ghee made with wheat (in contrast to the orthodox rice meal) and even wears colored lungis (not the white cloth worn by Hindus) to please a Muslim princess. but from desikars life history, he made the stone wall to thiruvarangan moolavar at the age of 60. after 42 long years, at the age of 102, he came back to srirangam after of the victory of kopanacharya against madurai sultans, the stone wall was removed by him. This mythology is proof of stolen artefacts returned to original places of worship. The 2nd attack was in 1323 AD by Ulugh Khan (c/oTuglak).12000 devotees sacrificed life and a handful of acharyas carried the idols of Ranganatha/Ranganayaki (both installed post 1311 AD )to Thiruppathi through a circuitous route: Thirukkoshtiyur,Jyotishkudi,Azhagar Koil, Srivilliputtur, Calicut, Gundulpet,Chittoor & Melukote. anger and rage. , , . And wonder of wonders, they came across a totally unkempt man, with hair so long that it trailed behind him. Bad news was that they could not save the temple(s) despite such gimmicks. FAKE STORY DEAR. is a taboo, so, she was worshipped in the form of a painting, richly On further contemplation i feel that probably Arangan decided that it is a fitting punishment to a temple looter to deprive him of his most prized treasure, that is, his daughter. The utsavar was not with them and the temple festivities had to go on. In addition, even classical poets like Annamayya or any other Vaishnava respect Bibi Nancharamma, a Muslim woman as the consort of the deity. Ref: http . consort of Lord Ranganatha. A few brave, bright men came forward and vowed to bring back the idol from Delhi. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. http://kshetrapuranas.blogspot.com/2011/03/saga-of-thulukka-naachiyaar-sri-rangam.html, deepaksaagar said this on December 2, 2011 at 10:06 | Reply. The ruthless Muslims, used to destroy the idols and if that was not possible, deface them. Each day will have a special presentation. There, an exhausted Pillai Lokacharya breathed his last, unable to take the stress of the invasion and journey. The Daughter of Sultan could not bear this. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. They ran as fast as their carts could take them, lest the sultan sent his army behind. en Change Language. At the most basic of the casino, the one that will let you win cash or other prizes is. after the invasion of malik kafur, swamy namperumal returned to srirangam. Seeing this, Malik Kafur was so enraged that he ordered every Vaishnava to be killed. One of his sketches is of Chellapillai, a form of Krishna, and Thulukka Nachiyar, a Muslim woman who is said to have fallen in love with his statue and followed it all the way from Delhi to. close menu Language. Srirangam is bounded by the Kaveri River (also known as Cauvery river) on one side, and the Kaveri distributary Kollidam (Coleroon) on the other side. How can I check before my flight that the cloud separation requirements in VFR flight rules are met. At Srirangam the princess became Ranaganatha's consort. Pranam *What's the meaning of the phrase 'On cloud nine'? King Kulasekara Pandya Overview. these informations are got by me from thiruvarangan Ula book by sri venugopalan and smt rajalakshmis namperumal vaibhavam. . (LogOut/ More so, they mourned the loss of the utsavar from their temple. 5.There are no proper historical evidence or proper records are present for these incidents.But Both these ladies get same respect and devotion as Lord himself.There are many arguments like both these ladies are same,both are differentBut Irrespective of it being just a myth or truth, the essence is known. The grandfather soon succumbed to the shock of the past few days and attained the lotus feet of Vishnu. Lord made All these has Historical evidence and authenticated by Historians. If any mistakes kindly forgive this adiyen, Raghav said this on January 2, 2010 at 22:02 | Reply. Of course,we should not develop hatred against todays Muslims for what happened then !In a light vein, they are also victims like our forfathers then Let us read more authentic pieces of history on record by Muslim-Chinese-European-Indian authors ! Ticket counters will be operational only when it is SEVA Time. The king who saw this utterly divine sight attained parama-jnaanam at once everything that he saw from there on was Krishna Himself ! Also, the shrine to Surathani is found near the Arjuna Mandapa, next to the main sanctum and she is lovingly called Thulukka Naachiyaar. How should I go about getting parts for this bike? The muslim king said sure..you may call him (the deity) and if hes willing to come with you, you may take his back.. Sri Ramanuja, without any pause, just beckoned the deity saying lets go nonchalantly. On an island between the Kaveri and Kollidam stood a magnificent temple, gleaming with riches. I will use body, mind and words in Krsna's service. Idols came back to SRGM after a 60 year ordeal all along ! Thanks for reminding me , deepaksaagar said this on March 9, 2009 at 17:43 | Reply, Hi, The worship of the gods still plays an important role in India today. The statue of Alagiyamanavalar Perumal was sent to Delhi. The entertainment troop from Srirangam finally reached Delhi and asked for permission to perform before the sultan. In the very depths of the forest they found the man, pouring water crudely over a statue of Vishnu. Confusion reigned at the temple. Just think what will you gain by calling this FAKE, Rocket Raja said this on December 18, 2012 at 07:12 | Reply, k.v. Therefore by drinking the Thirumanjana Theertham of the utsavars, I could possible point out the original one. he offered. Unfortunate that that our temples were looted. To add on to this interesting series of events, Ranganayaki appeared in a boys dream and asked him to lead the Bhattar to a particular neem tree and dig under it. , . The serpent associated with all Hindu Gods is a representation of rotating object as in a sine curve over time base similar to figure of ac current in all gadgets . In the recent Samprokshanam held at Srirangam temple on the 18th of November, 2015, a separate Yagasala and Agni Kundams were arranged on the premises of Thayyar Sannidhi (shrine) as she is ''Padi Thaanda Pathini.'' Tradition has it that Goddess Ranganayaki has never come out of the shrine after Lord's acceptance of Surathani. But to their bad luck, Surathani was so distressed to find her idol gone, that she immediately jumped on to her horse and followed the entertainment troop. Perumal (Lord Vishnu) Sri Aranganathan, got married to a muslim princess out of her love for him. When the soldiers brought in the idol, the daughter of Malik Kafur, Princess Surathani, was overwhelmed by the charming face of Arangan. Ranganayaki Thayyar (goddess), Lords consort moved away from him in thulukka nachiyar in srirangam. Sixty long years passed by. She is called "Thulukka Nachiyar". at that time one person, the maalazhagar killed by the army and one singazhagar escaped. . Bhattarperuman, he told, meekly If permitted I can find out which of the two statues is the original one. On an island between the Kaveri and Kollidam stood a magnificent temple, gleaming with riches. The underlying mandalas represent the connection from the. said this on January 10, 2014 at 06:47 | Reply. Tradition has it that Goddess Ranganayaki has never come During the Kala Puja Times Queues will have to wait in Position. He gifted the Golden Idol of Azhagiya Manavalan, to Her, to play with. Tulukkar in Tamil means a Muslim, a word derived from "Turukiyar" or Turks, d at the Thiru Narayana temple at Melukote in Karnataka where the Muslim princess is known as ''Bivi Nachiyar.''. . and your sketches are so lively,especially of ambAs-simply divine! Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. Pleased with her acts of love, Ranganathar used to appear before her every night and offer her darshan in various forms and avatharas. So they waited for night to come upon, and when the princess was deep in sleep, they retrieved the idol and started out of the city. , . Had tears in my eyes when I was reading this, Rajesh said this on August 16, 2012 at 00:28 | Reply. , , , , ' ' . Now, this was too much for the man carrying the idol. The princess who was besotted with the deity couldnt stand the separation and ran after Sri Ramanuja who had by then installed the deity back in the temple. History repeated at Melukote/Seringapatna 500 years later when Hyder and Tipu plundered all gold! A few brave, bright men came forward and vowed to bring back the idol from Delhi. Sri Rangam, the holy abode of Lord Ranganatha. The corroded deity was found in the forest of Tirupathi is more probable . Follow Up: struct sockaddr storage initialization by network format-string. And still fewer do actually know the tide of events that lead to this divine union and the series of interesting events that followed it. They are first offered to the Naachiyaar and then only offered to Rangan. The mysterious ways of our gods!!! I would love to dedicate this post to Varun [Gultee], Vinoth [Dubukku] and Ram [Kama], who were the ones who let me in on this story, one bored night, at the hostels in college :D], Posted in Divya Desas, Tamil Nadu, Temple Legends Tags: Malik Kafur, Ranganayaki, SriRangam, Thulukka Naachiyaar, Hey, lovelythank you so much!! The worship of these goddesses continues to this day and. , , , , . , . The priests did their very best to cover the sanctum with bricks and send the smaller idols for safekeeping with trusted families. She was the daughter of Masood,The Third, of Ghazanvi Dynasty. Why ?????????? bordering the sanctum sanctorum.it houses the sannidhi of Thulukka Nachiyar. the premises of Thayyar Sannidhi (shrine) as she is ''Padi Thaanda They ran as fast as their carts could take them, lest the sultan sent his army behind. new eczema treatment 2022 australia . Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Malik Kafur followed with his humungous army. K.NAGARAAJAN. Close suggestions Search Search. The Araiyars present the hymns during day time. So even today, in SriRangam, at the sannidhanam, we can see two utsavars receiving worship. Did any DOS compatibility layers exist for any UNIX-like systems before DOS started to become outmoded? Malik Kafur allowed her to play with the idol and Surathani imediately carried him to her room. She possesses a separate temple near Srirenganathar temple and people worship her as "Thulukka Nachiyar". Hence these ten days are known as Pagal Paththu. Caitanya-magala, Stra-khaa, Chp 1, Verse 2 sarva-siddhi-prado deva gaea bhagavan nama yath ko labhet siddhi tath loka-traye kuru Translation: O almighty! According to one version the idol got lost, , unable to bear the pangs of love she had for the, and pronounced that he had now taken Surathani (derived from Sultani) to be his consort, Nachiyar is a term used in Tamil Vaishnava. So there might be several instances in history where we would come across such noble ladies. I was looking for this for long and at last i got it. What follows is a fascinating story of how this practice came to be, a combination of history, legend and tradition. . The queue was idle for more than 45 minutes, No issue of tickets. Id it to bring out the true love of a muslim girl? https://navrangindia.blogspot.in/2015/11/sri-ranganathar-and-his-muslim-consort.html. This was made possible by the rise of Vijayanagara empire who drove away the Muslims from SRGM Madurai.They reinstalled the holy deities in Srirangam and rebuilt the temple.Even more gigantic was the task at Madurai Meenakshi Temple complex ransacked in full.So let us realise again that the story of Thulukka Nachiyar is a shameful compromise prpjected in history by some crazy devotees to placate and assuage the Muslim rulers of the time! This black Object is situated in the direction of group of stars called Sagittarius which looks like a bird hence the Garuda to be seen first in the temple before Lord Vishnu . The princess follows the idol to Srirangam and not finding the Lord sacrifices her life. The washerman identified the original statue to be the one that was brought in from the forest. Frightened by the army, the troop split into various smaller groups and decided to meet back in Sri Rangam. She is worshipped as Thulukka Nachiyar. , , . Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Rani Velu Nachiyar (3 January 1730 - 25 December 1796) , also known as "Veera Mangai" Velu Nachiyar , the First Valor Queen Ever in the Indian History to Fight against and defeat British in the battle. The troop however knew that the princess was deeply involved with the idol and that she would make a fuss if they took it away. worked out. " . Did Lord Rama really worship Lord Ranganatha? Badri narayanan A G said this on October 25, 2012 at 04:21 | Reply, Hi Mohamed, As you would be knowing Thulukka is the tamil word for Muslim and Nachiyar is the word Noble lady. The beautiful Devadasis of the temple, finally,managed to seduce the army generals and sent them back home. Who built Madurai Meenakshi Amman? The 1st attack by Malik Kafur(c/o Ala-ud-din) in 1311 AD was relatively sudden!As per historian Jiauddin Barani, Kafur went back to Delhi with 241 tonnes of gold/20,000 horses/612 elephants laden with huge looted treasure from Helebid Madurai and Srirangam incldg golden idol of Ranganatha ! jivane nidhane nityam radha krsna gatir mama jivane marane gati ara nahi mora sarva dharman parityajya mam ekam saranam vraja 3. Srirangam ( Thiruvarangam in Tamil) is an island and a part of the city of Tiruchirappalli, in South India. , - , . ravichandran said this on February 3, 2013 at 02:50 | Reply. Keep them coming Deepak , By the way, you probably know- there is a Bibi Naachiyaar worshipped in Melkotte as well with a similar story (with some embellishments) as to how Ramanujar got the utsava murthy of Cheluva Narayana back from a king in Delhi after winning over his scholars in a debate on Sri Vaishnavism! Yamunacharya Shrine: Yamunacharya or Alavandar was a Vishistadvaita philosopher in Srirangam, Tamilnadu, India. Every year Kalyana uthsavam with Arangan is celebrated in a grand manner, when butter rotis and sugar, cooked Mughalai style are first offered to the Naachiyaar and then only offered to Rangan. I am simply ecstatic reading your posts on my beloved deities!!!! http://srirangaminfo.com/Srirangam-History.php, Krishna said this on December 2, 2011 at 05:17 | Reply, The story you tell is related to a second famous Vaishnava Sthala called Thirunarayanapuram. | Velu Nachiyar Katturai in Tamil . Where is it written that Ramakrishna Paramahamsa was an incarnation of Lord Vishnu? Sathya said this on December 2, 2013 at 20:38 | Reply. The priests did their very best to cover the sanctum with bricks and send the smaller idols for safekeeping with trusted families. Everyone rejoiced at the recovery of the ancient statue. (as said in the gita vaasu deva saravam iti sa mahaatmaa su-durlabha). The bhattar too agreed. In the very depths of the forest they found the man, pouring water crudely over a statue of Vishnu. O Lord! This book is available for free download at the site acharya.org/d.html - choose menu 'Acharya | Ramanujar | in the page titled 'Swami Ramanujar', under 'Vaibhavam' section'. palmetto high school basketball tickets; daniel galt west wing. Even the KIng who ruled from Madurai had to wait in Srrirangam for one year to attend one particular function since he was late for the function in that year and the temple will not wait for the KIngs arrival . I really felt ashamed of Internet bogus news. The king had become so realised that he once ran after a dog with butter in hand calling out Krsnaa..Krsnaa.. because it had run away with a piece of roti in its mouth. but the sultans army found them and chased. out of the shrine after Lord's acceptance of Surathani. worship that were given to the other Nachiyars (Nachiyar is a term ? . Thulukka nachiyar is a Muslim saint who became a Sri vaishnava and servented herself to ranganathaswamy means she accepted sri ranganatha swamy as her eternal husband like andal amma accepted Krishna as her eternal husband both are same thing just different cases Most fascinating. You may be right that the Daughter of Choza King could have converted her self. He wandered and wandered. She too had to be given all the respects that were given to the other Naachiyaars. Hence, there is a separate shrine for Thayyar. P.S. The aged Sudarsana Suri was also among those who died during the invasion. As already explained in the previous chapters the spatial arrangement of temples and shrines played a central role in the worship of gods. The 236 feet high, 13 storeyed rajagopuram is the largest gopuram in Asia. Srirangam was captured and the riches were looted. They took off the statue of Alagiyamanavalar Perumal and plundered the treasures, jewels and ornaments which belonged to Srirangam temple. Is this all at the folklore level or is there any scriptural support? Relation between transaction data and transaction id. But a lot of things were not in order. 1050 . The bhattar, therefore, placed it near Rangans feet and continued to offer poojas to it. 1050 , , . in the 12th century. The boy too dutifully did the same and out came the long buried statue of Ranganayaki. This shows how beloved the Thulukka Nachiyar or Bibi Nachiyar is to Ranga A small painting of the princess hangs in the temple complex. Shahenshah, said the lead man, bowing deeply, we would like to have the statue of Arangan back. Ranganathar also appeared in the head bhattars dreams and pronounced that he had now taken Surathani to be his wife. Before his death, he entrusted his two young sons and the only manuscript of the Sruta-prakASikA to Desikas care. The temple somehow survived the catastrophe. In the melee, idols would have been misplaced at different temples like Melukote, Tirupati or elsewhere. You are currently viewing our boards as a guest which gives you limited access to view most discussions and access our other features. Thirumanjanam was performed to both the idols and the theertham was given to the washerman. Thulukka Nachiyar was later worshipped, was quite pleased to accept gifts from Hoysala Vishnuvardhana's descendants. , , , . The whole city of SriRangam wore a forlorn look. (LogOut/ Saint Ramanuja who lived beyond 100 years had spiritual gnanadrishti about the passing of Thulukka Nachiyar and her merging in to the lord. Vraja-bhakti-vilsa 3.43 avaiaveu payatsu mama pj karoti ya apjayitv vighnea sambhya ca kaplinam Translation: [The Supreme Lord says]: Those who worship me on seeing an atheist non-vaiava, who worship me without worshiping Gaea and who worship me after. All these are recorded evidences. It may be of interest to some readers that the black object in the Milky way Galaxy from which 800 billion stars including our Sun and planet earth came out in 4 streams has coincidence with the concept of Lord Vishnu . The Muslim princess not only had gained divinity through her deep Great post. tat ne anukampam susumiksamano - hrd vak vapur sa vai manah krsno pada aravindayo - Ambarisa Maharaj aha hare tava pdaika-mla-Vrtrasura vani gunanu kathane sravanau kathayam-Manigriva Nalakuvera kayena vaca manasendriyaiva manasa deha geho jo kichu mor, namo namo vando deva gaevara vighna-vinana mahaya ekadanta mahkya sarvakrye sahya jaya jaya prvat tanaya Translation: I pray to r Gaea the destroyer of obstacles, who has the body of a huge elephant with one tusk. So the authenticity of fact dwells with the lord himself. Radha Krsna are the goal of my life. . Their hatred for idol worship made the hindus tremble, not in fear for their lives, but in fear of the possible damages that the holy idols in their hallowed temples would suffer. As per the words of Krishna in Geetha, nothing is permanently owned. To add on to this interesting series of events, Ranganayaki appeared in a boys dream and asked him to lead the Bhattar to a particular neem tree and dig under it. Sri Rangam, the holy abode of Lord Ranganatha. Change). Her Face is covered by a purdhah (every respectable muslim woman wears a purdah). After Lord Ranganatha declared Thulukka Nachiyar as his wife and ordered the priests to worship her like other Nachiyars of the temple, Lakshmi Devi became angry. Plundering happened across the country at Shiva/Vishnu temples. In the prime story the idol was always with some one and cared cannot be true . He brings success in all endeavors. The Muslim forces however, kept driving further south in conquest. Therefore by drinking the Thirumanjana Theertham of the utsavars, I could possible point out the original one. he offered. One fine day, a group of traders found themselves to be lost in the same dense jungle we had talked about. At the Ranganathaswamy temple in Srirangam, a small sannidhi stands almost unnoticed in the corridor bordering the sanctum sanctorum. In this conversation. All had happened with a purpose. And there is a Lady Devotee called Thulukka Nachiar,who is worshipped in Srirangam. Krsna, I am yours. radhamurali said this on November 26, 2014 at 03:42 | Reply, archanakarthik said this on September 17, 2012 at 07:10 | Reply. The Sultan however, happily, surrendered the statue of Alagiyamanavalar Perumal back to Guru Ramanujar. November, 2015, a separate Yagasala and Agni Kundams were arranged on In fact, every morning rituals such as opening the door, offering food to God (modati darsanam, naivedyam) are performed by them. Betel leaves and nuts are sent to the Lord from Nachchiyar shrine. The Bhattar then conveyed this dream to the At this, Sriman Narayana is said to have appeared at a dream of Srimad Ramanujacharya and . Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. I like him a lot. I have been used to the taste of the theertham. Tulukka NAcciyAr is worshipped as an Deity, ever serving His Thiru paadham. , , . The person at counter issuing tickets will come at that time only . Legend of Tulukku Nachiar or Bibi Nanchari - Musli KUCHIPUDI - CLASSICAL DANCE FORM FROM INDIA, Madan Kamdev Temples - Khajuraho of Assam. Srirangam temple is the only temple in India with 7 enclosures, representing the 7 upper planetary systems. Place of Birth: Sakkandhi in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India Parents: Chellamuthu Vijaya Ragunatha Sethupathy , Muthathal Nachiyar : . the recent Samprokshanam held at Srirangam temple on the 18th of The head priests, then secretly ordered for another identical utsavar to be made and installed it, saying that this indeed was the original one. , . A shrine was built for the muslim wife of Lord Ranganaatha. This video describe about the surabani (a) thulukka nachiar and beebi (a) beebi nachiayar. She was the Muslim princess who became the divine consort of Lord Ranganatha. The bhattar too agreed. Thank you for the eye opener. Srirangam was captured and the riches were looted. The month-long Theppa Utsavam was held in Srirangam Ranganatha Temple, which is revered by devotees as Bhuloka Vaikundam. , ' ' (Eid ul Adha) . I, as the author of Athisaya Siddhar Bogar (karpgam Puthakalayam, T.Nagar) and Bogar-7000 Sapthakaandam Vilakkavurai (Leo Book publishers, T.Nagar), stand to clarify certain facts from my limited knowledge and research. The man carrying the idol, his father and his son, ran into a dense forest and totally lost their way. Now there is a separate temple for Her near Ranganathar temple next to Arjuna Mantapam,near the sanctum sanctorum.Every year Kalyana uthsavam with Arangan is celebrated in a grand manner, when Butter Rotis and Sugar, cooked Mughalai style are first offered to the Naachiyaar and then only offered to . By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The child too tripped and fell into a deep ravine, and ultimately reached Vaikuntha. Except people associated with that massive Hindu temple dedicated to Sri Rangnatha Swamy at Srirangam, Tamil Nadu, South India, the first among the 108 Divya, After the death of great King Jatavarman Sundara Pandian I, Back in Delhi upon taking a look at the enormous loot from Tamil Nadu, to Delhi to meet the Sultan face to face. MOHAMED said this on August 19, 2012 at 17:39 | Reply. I read that there is a Sri Rangantha temple south indian temple in Mathura, also very ancient. decorated with gems and gold and still regular pujas and other rituals . How do you get out of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner. A bloody war followed in which close to 13000 Vaishnavas lost their life. , " , , " " " . The deity can be seen only during some fixed timings . sbalaraman said this on May 31, 2014 at 10:43 | Reply, Kumar said this on December 15, 2013 at 22:46 | Reply, The story is true only i also hered from some bodies mouth, rajashekarr said this on December 16, 2013 at 06:52 | Reply. It is not unusual in Tirumala to allow backward castes and Dalits to certain rituals. are held to day. thulukka nachiyar in srirangam. In. She bathed the idol, dressed it, offered food and even slept with the idol. She never left Perumal even a moment. Open navigation menu. Tipu of course gave some silver vessels! The troop however knew that the princess was deeply involved with the idol and that she would make a fuss if they took it away. Srirangam temple has some age old traditions . where was the first artificial ice rink built; hmh science dimensions the diversity of living things answer key; michigan microbusiness license requirements; When the permission was granted, on a sacred Ekadashi day, they performed before Malik Kafurs court. presiding deity)/consorts. Terribly upset over Lord accepting the Muslim woman as his consort, When Malik Kafur invaded South India,(during 1310-1311), news reached the temple authorities in Srirangam that Kafur was planning to plunder the temple. He could see Krsna in every being ! after that arangan finally rested in thirunarayanapuram. , , , . avasya raksibe Krsna avasya palana goptrtve varanam aslisya va pada ratam tvayi me ananya visaya 4. Whatever calamity comes in life, I will never take shelter of anyone else other than Radha Krsna.

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