Postoperative care consists of systemic antibiotics and NSAIDs for pain. Contact your vet if your dogs testicles arent both in the scrotum by the time they are 6 months old. Often animals with ophthalmic problems are considered unadoptable because the conditions are considered too difficult to treat, too unsightly, or too expensive. Well, I don't know if it was the waiting that did it but they did find the retained one - apparently it was caught up somewhere so they had to make a second incision and "massage" it out! All rights reserved. Then over a period of approximately two weeks, they start dropping into the scrotum through a narrow channel called the 'inguinal canal'. The cryptorchid testicle can be located anywhere along the path from the area of fetal development of the gonads (just caudal to the caudal . Repairing a lacerated eyelid uses the same principles as the V-lid resection. Cryptorchidism, or 'hidden testicles, is a condition where one or both of the dog or cats testicles has failed to move to its proper position in the scrotum. Including 3 days pain relief. Prolonged absorbable sutures are recommended for closure. JavaScript is disabled. If you have been unable to locate one, or both of, your pets testicles by the time they have reached six months, you should visit the vet to discuss treatment options. :smile: Oh dearyes, my boy just had one (but the vet said it was a big one!) There are no reliable data for pigs, but subcutaneous locations might predominate. Reported incidences in dogs range from 1.2 to 10 % [16-18]. The surgery cost was more than castration but not much more than cost of spaying a female. Whilst the condition occurs in up to 1 in 10 dogs, it's much rarer in our feline friends. Perform a sponge count and remove all pads and instruments from the abdomen. Oops! A lateral canthoplasty is used to permanently reduce the palpebral fissure. Patient preparation should consist of clipping eyelashes, shaving the lids (if necessary), and gently removing any debris from lids using dilute baby shampoo (1:10 dilution). Testicles located within the abdomen are prone to developing cancer and this is believed to be due to the increased testicular temperature. All About the Surgical Procedure to Neuter a Dog. Once the testicles are retrieved, they are removed through the incision and the stalks are tied off. Cost of treatment. Remove the testis by separately ligating the testicular vessels and ductus with absorbable suture material or vascular occluding clips. Generally, the cost ranges from $200 to $500. 4-0 to 6-0 suture should be placed in a horizontal mattress pattern, through soft rubber stents, and split the thickness of the lids. May cause more hemorrhage in abdominal wall compared to midline approach. Close the external rectus fascia (both fascial sheets) in one layer with either a simple interrupted or simple continuous pattern. I had all of my peds neutered and spayed at 13 weeks prior to going to their new homes if that makes you rest any easier. To begin with, when a male puppy born, his testicles are inside his body. The paramedian approach can be messy due to muscular hemorrhage and provides limited access to the abdominal cavity. When this occurs gentle tension on the ductus deferens will allow visualization of the ductus deferens entering the inguinal canal. The gubernaculums testis can also be followed from the inguinal ring to the undescended testis. Approximately 70% of cryptorchid testes are palpable within the upper portion of the scrotum or inguinal canal, whereas the other 30% are not palpable, suggesting either an intra-abdominal . This condition does have some genetic predisposition, but the exact mode is unknown. The patient should be rechecked in 1 week or sooner if complications arise. There is no need to close the peritoneal layer or muscle. Once drowsy, he will receive an injection that will put him into a deeper sleep. They will still exhibit male behaviors. The subcutaneous tissue and skin are closed routinely. Post-operative care depends somewhat on the underlying condition being treated, but typically consists of topical antibiotic ointment, systemic antibiotics, and suture removal in 7 14 days. It tends to cost more to castrate a cryptorchidic dog than is does to castrate a normal dog because the operation is more complex and takes longer. Cryptorchidism is a condition in which a male dog's testicles have not completely descended into the scrotum. Including 3 days pain relief. "As your book of mares gets bigger, the . Sutures should be removed in 7 to 10 days. Small single incision, therefore less risk for abdominal hernias, Reduced bruising/swelling of the abdominal incision, Reduced risk of surgical errors made such as inadvertent removal of the bladder or prostate, Prevents life-threatening transformation of an intra-abdominal testicle into cancer, Procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis, and patient can go home on the day of the procedure. Summary. Some cryptorchid neuters may require sutures to be placed on the outer skin layer. Cryptorchidism is when one or both testicles fail to drop into the scrotum (ball sack). JM Ewoldt. Cryptorchidism in common eutherian mammals. Want to create or adapt books like this? Would you like to change your VIN email? Fit an Elizabethan collar on the patient if extra wound protection is necessary. In these dogs, estrogen-secreting Sertoli cell tumors in retained testes produce feminizing signs including excessive development of breasts. For larger testicles, with larger spermatic cords I will clamp the spermatic cord with hemostats, transect distal to the most distal hemostat and place a ligature using Miller's knot in the area of the spermatic cord crushed by the most proximal hemostat. Prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid can be corrected by the Morgan pocket-flap technique. A few special instruments, understanding of the anatomy and the procedures and the willingness to try are all that is necessary. Descent to the final scrotal position should be completed by 2 weeks of age. I wasn't too worried as I know cats can be done . Closures and postoperative care are essentially the same as with the lateral canthoplasty. He will be closely monitored by the veterinary team until released. The national average cost of abdominal cryptorchid orchiectomy is $600. Breeds that are predisposed to this condition include cocker spaniels, Chihuahuas, miniature schnauzers and Persian cats. Larger dogs or testicles that are deeper within the abdomen may resolve in a more involved surgery which will mean additional cost. The basic ophthalmic pack should contain a Bard Parker scalpel handle, Bishop Harmon forceps, Stevens tenotomy scissors (curved), a small curved Metzenbaum scissors, a Wescott tenotomy scissors, a Derf of Webster holder, a 19 gauge irrigation cannula, Barraquer eyelid specula (various sizes), a Jaeger Lid Plate, and a Desmarres Chalazion forceps. Yes, cryptorchidism is covered by pet insurance in the UK. I thought they were usually done at 6-7 months. Some dogs are able to go home on the day of surgery. She founded the award-winning mobile veterinary practice, "The Housecall Vet," and co-founded a small animal and exotics hospital. The condition of hidden testicles or cryptorchidism (from the Greek crypto,meaning 'hidden' andorchidmeaning 'testicle') affects dogs and cats. Clinical signs of male feminization include enlargement of the nipples, enlargement of the mammary glands, thin hair coat, a stripe of inflammation located on the prepuce, and pale gums due to anemia. Initially, the veins that drain blood from the testicle are occluded, yet the artery will continue to pump blood into the testicle. Fingers crossed they can find them. Vetrica | Site by UNIQ Marketing & Design. For this reason, "cryptorchid neuter" surgeries are often priced similarly to the intra-abdominal surgery undertaken for female sterilization (spay). What causes cryptorchidism and how common is it? If they havent dropped by this time, its extremely unlikely that they will. These tumors can cause feminization of a male dog, as they produce excessive amounts of estrogen. The undescended testicle(s) may reside either in the abdomen or under the skin near the scrotum. Skin fold resection is performed most often in brachycephalic breeds with trichiasis from nasal folds. 84638), Registered office: 57 Ladymead, Guildford, Surrey GU1 1DB. 1282939) and Allianz Insurance plc (Registered in England No. The retained testicle is typically half the size or less than the normal one, another reason they are hard to 'find'. In ruminants, cryptorchidism is supposedly generally due to an ectopic testicle eg a testicle found someplace outside of the abdominal cavity due to abnormal gonadal cell development. Bluntly break down any peritoneal attachments with your fingers. Cryptorchidism is much less common in cats than in dogs. Large Animal Surgery - Supplemental Notes by Erin Malone, DVM, PhD is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. I don't have any experience on this. Neutering is recommended to prevent future problems. It is believed that this condition has a genetic basis, therefore breeding of affected animals is not recommended. Veterinary Cost. Gentle tension on the ductus deferens would confirm that the ductus deferens passes through the inguinal canal. Cryptorchidism is considered an inherited tendency. Table of Contents Is cryptorchidism covered by pet insurance UK? For very small testicles with small vessels and a small ductus deferens I will use the figure eight knot in the spermatic cord. Incise through the subcutaneous tissue and ligate or electrocoagulate small lateral branches of the epigastric vessels. Unfortunately there is no other way to treat a retained testicle other than by removing it surgically. I wasn't too worried as I know cats can be done really early without ill effects, was more worried about his regular anaesthetic doses. To begin with, when a male puppy born, his testicles are inside his body. Frequently cryptorchid testicles are smaller than normal and it is possible that the cryptorchid testicle will be in the subcutaneous tissue but not be palpable. A total of 29 cases of cryptorchism [0.56%] were detected; 86% of cases were unilateral. Pet Plan Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Heavily pregnant cats requiring mid-line incision. Postoperative care consists of topical antibiotics and E-Collar. Pigs can also have ectopic testicular tissue. Even with recent advances in DNA testing, the genetics of cryptorchidism are still not fully understood. Palpation of the testicle in the subcutaneous tissue leads to a diagnosis of subcutaneous cryptorchidism. However, some may have to stay in the hospital overnight. Testicles located within the abdomen usually do not produce sperm. Gentle traction on the abdominal ductus will allow you to locate the ductus deferens as it exits the inguinal canal and will lead you to the cryptorchid testicle. Thanks for the reassurance! Also he is still on cage rest at the moment so I suppose that is better for the stitches to heal Silver linings eh? The critical factor to remember is that both ductus deferens enter the urethra at the prostate. The cryptorchid testicle can be located anywhere along the path from the area of fetal development of the gonads (just caudal to the caudal pole of the kidney) to the subcutaneous tissue between the external inguinal ring and the scrotum. Once your dog is feeling brighter and more energetic, its likely that they will want to run around as normal, but its important to rest them for 7-10 days to prevent any complications with their wound(s) and stitches. These muscles are transected at their insertions and the optic nerve is transected posterior to the globe. Steroids may be used when severe tissue swelling is present and infection is absent. But sometimes it is the only option left for animals with blind, painful eyes, intraocular neoplasia, phthisis bulbi, or ocular proptosis. Create margins of at least 1 mm. . The surgical site requires time to heal before the pet returns to normal activity. Despite this, German shepherds, boxers, and Staffordshire terriers have relatively high occurrences of this this disease. For health-related questions, always consult your veterinarian, as they have examined your pet, know the pet's health history, and can make the best recommendations for your pet. The modified Hotz-Celsus technique consists of excision of enough skin and orbicularis oculi m. to slightly evert the eyelid. Some veterinarians may also place a catheter in the vein to administer fluids. Nia M. Perkins, DVM is an accomplished veterinary expert with two decades of hands-on small animal clinical experience in private practice and shelters. Like the tarsorrhaphy it, also, should not be used in deep or infected corneal ulcers or descemetoceles. If the testicles have not descended by 8 weeks of age, they are considered to be cryptorchid, or retained. Laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy technique Laparoscopic surgery usually is performed on an outpatient basis, meaning that your companion likely will not need to spend the night in the hospital. These pages are for guidance only. An incision will be made based on where the testicle is located. But once it is found, the process is similar to a normal neuter. The original skin incision is easily enlarged caudally to help expose the area between the inguinal canal and scrotum if the testicle is located in the subcutaneous tissue caudal to the original incision area. 121849. Illustrations by Samantha Elmhurst. It is most often performed in brachycephalic dogs with a tendency to ophthalmic proptosis. Just like for the standard midline approach to the abdomen in dogs, bruising or seroma formation occasionally occurs due to ineffective subcutaneous dead space closure or poor hemostasis. If the testicles are located under the skin in the groin, your vet may be able to remove them through a small incision in the skin. Its likely that your dog will be given a protective cone/buster collar to stop them licking and nibbling at their wound. Place laparotomy sponges along the rectus edges and insert abdominal retractors (Balfour retractors work fine here) to help isolate the problem area. Patients that have been seen and charged a full price examination or vaccination within the previous 12 months will receive a 20% discount. The caudal superficial epigastric vessel runs medial to the nipples as it runs forward to supply the prepuce, superficial inguinal lymph node, and mammary skin. He will be placed on a warming pad on his back, to help maintain his body temperature. Identification of the abdominal testis is achieved most efficiently by locating the ductus deferens at its prostatic termination, and following the ductus towards its testicular origin. (10) (PDF) Cryptorchidism in Sheep: A Clinical and Abattoir Survey in the United Kingdom. All rights reserved. On the lateral half of the external rectus fascia there are 2 separate fascial sheets (the fused fascial sheets of the abdominal oblique muscles, and the fascial sheet of the transversus abdominis muscle. Where unforseen intra- or post-operative complications occur, further charges may be applied. What Is Spaying? When a kitten is born, the testicles live in the belly, near the kidneys. An incision is made 1 2 mm from the lid margin for the full length of the affected segment of the lid. Dog Spay* Dog spay prices vary based on the following weight ranges: Other symptoms include loss of hair along trunk and flank, and hyperpigmentation of inguinal skin. Postoperative care consists of topical antibiotics and placement of an E-Collar. Normally, male puppies and kittens testicles are located within the abdomen before birth. For all female dogs and small breed male dogs, we recommend spaying or neutering around 5 months of age. In most animals you can excise up to 25% of the lid without creating any problems. Copyright 20052023 Pet health insurance is administered by Embrace Pet Insurance Agency, LLC and underwritten by one of the licensed insurers of American Modern Insurance Group, Inc., including American Modern Home Insurance Company d/b/a in CA as American Modern Insurance Company (Lic. Cryptorchidism is a medical term referring to the incomplete or nonexistent descent of the testicles in a male cat. Please note, our vets and nurses are unable to respond to questions via this form. The cost of abdominal cryptorchid orchiectomy will vary depending on the patient's style of living and any additional expenses incurred, but it is generally between $300 and $1,000 in most cases. Sometimes a full medical history is not always available for example, in the case of rescue animals. Incising the linea alba allows exposure of the urinary bladder. Urinary Calculi Removal through Paramedian Approach. The third eyelid flap, like the temporary tarsorrhaphy, serves as a physiologic bandage in the case of corneal trauma. Cryptorchidism is a condition in which a male dog's testicles have not completely descended into the scrotum. In fact, the male cat with this condition should not be used in a breeding program. Subcutaneous cryptorcidism. Sutures can be removed in two weeks. Additional surgical supplies should include, Weck Cell surgical sponges, irrigation solution, and 2-0 to 8-0 absorbable and non-absorbable suture material. Although this genetic condition may not seem like a big deal, it is cause for great concern. and the op was a bit nasty quite a long scar, but he didn't need a cage, just kept in. A lateral canthotomy is performed. 311969. External examination for cryptorchidism was carried out on 5134 young male lambs carried out in 2001 at Foot and Mouth Disease disposal sites, and on farms, during the UK outbreakof the disease. Location of undescended testes differs greatly among species. Cryptorchidism, a condition in which one or both testicles do not descend into the scrotum, is more commonly found in purebred dogs. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276491292_Cryptorchidism_in_Sheep_A_Clinical_and_Abattoir_Survey_in_the_United_Kingdom [accessed Jul 15 2019].e. Avoid putting tension on the optic nerve. Place your stay sutures at the ends of the proposed bladder incision site. Jump to Latest Follow 1 - 15 of 15 Posts . Dogs weighing 25 45kg. Cats appear to have fewer incidences of testicular cancer and complications associated with cryptorchidism than dogs. With the dog positioned in dorsal recumbency, place a towel clamp on the prepuce (if a urethral catheter is not expected to be used in the procedure) and clamp it to the skin on one side of the body (the side opposite the side of your intended abdominal approach). . More importantly, the genes responsible for cryptorchidism can be carried by both sexes, so both parents should avoid further breeding. Entry into the abdomen is on the midline through the linea alba and allows exposure of the urinary bladder. Again it is most often performed in brachycephalic dogs, especially Shih Tzu, Lhasa, Pug, and Pekingese breeds. The gland is placed into the pocket and the wound edges sutured with a continuous pattern of 5-0 or 6-0 absorbable suture with the knots buried or placed on the palpebral surface of the third eyelid. Cryptorchidism occurs in all breeds but toy breeds, including toy Poodles, Pomeranians, and Yorkshire Terriers, may be at higher risk. Including 3 days pain relief. The testicles are intended to be in the scrotum, as they require a lower temperature to function normally. Cryptorchism is defined as the failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum. When a dog is born, the testicles are generally located near the inguinal ring, an area around the groin, and are guided by the gubernaculum, a structure that . Treatment for cryptorchidism can be expensive, so its important you take out dog insurance or cat insurance to ensure you are able to get your pet the best care if they do suffer from this dangerous condition. When the testicles don't descend within the first few months, the condition is known as cryptorchidism. Whilst a male dog or cat is still a foetus (before it is born), the testicles are positioned near the kidneys inside the abdomen. Reproduction 133(3), 2007- very thorough coverage! If this occurs, there . Neuters are performed under general anesthesia, so if he is deemed healthy, a sedative and pain medication will be given. Just click, How to Surgically Manage Cryptorchid DogsA Practical Limited Paramedian Approach in Male Dogs, World Small Animal Veterinary Association Congress Proceedings, 2019, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 7c407bbf-5481-49c1-8898-8df855ef991b.1677967879, VINcyclopedia of Diseases (Formerly Associate), Books & VINcyclopedia of Diseases (Formerly Associate), Anesthetic Challenges in Geriatric Patients, Video-Based Learning of Acute Pain Management, History Taking for Feline Behavior Problems, Canine Rehabiltation and Biological Therapy, Anesthesia in Small Animal Cardiac Patient, Patients with Concurrent Cardiac & Renal Disease, CVMA - Interventional Medicine / Radiology, Remarketing, CTR, Meta Title, Display Network, Forensic Behavioural Analysis: FEASAC Framework, Forensic Behavioural Analysis: Five Domains 1, Forensic Behavioural Analysis: Five Domains 2, Pharmacotherapy for Canine Fear & Aggression, Canine Cognitive Decline & Dysfunction Treatment, Canine Cognitive Decline & Dysfunction: Prevalence, Diagnosis, Increasing Revenue Through Perceived Value 1, Dental Radiology Techniques & Interpretation, Reasons for Dermatologic Treatment Failure, Strategies to Prevent Allergic Dermatitis, Ethical Assessment of Thoroughbred Racing, CVMA Global Summit: The Gold Standard of Animal Welfare, Acupuncture & Integrative Medical Approaches, Integrative Veterinary Medicine Protocols, Abdominal Ultrasound: Adrenal Glands, Lymph Nodes, Abdominal Ultrasound: Systematic Approach, Radiographic Interpretation of Dyspneic Cat, Lung Ultrasound & Confirming Pericardial Effusion, Detailed Abdominal Ultrasound in the Horse, Application of Fear Free & Low Stress Techniques, Diagnosis & Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections, Patient Centric Antimicrobial Stewardship, Using Validated Tools to Assess Acute Pain, Medicate Fear of Travel & Veterinary Visit, Treat Gastroesophageal Reflux & Hiatal Hernia, Diagnosis & Management of Feline Hypertension, Differentiate Conditions of Cervical Spine, Non-Healing Corneal Ulcers in Dogs & Cats, Antiviral Medications for Herpesvirus Cats, Communication for Multi-Generational Teams, How to Surgically Manage Cryptorchid Dogs, Using Nutritional Assessment of Dogs & Cats, Anesthesia Induction & Monitoring in Fish, Management of Canine & Feline Urolithiasis, Decision-Making Around Euthanasia & Chronic Pain, Brachycephaly & Breed-Associated Problems, Exploring Complex Phenotypes with Genomics, Common Canine Complexly Inherited Disorders, Welfare & Breeding for Extreme Conformation, Reading Language to Understand Emotional States, Reducing Patient Stress Through Chemistry. In dogs and cats, cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both testicles have failed to descend into the scrotum generally by 2 to 4 months of age. If needed the upper puncta can be sacrificed. The testicle is usually large and will be on a path between the kidney and the inguinal ring (the descent path). Monitor the wound for any evidence of infection, fluid accumulation, or breakdown. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. in their abnormal position, the undescended testicle(s) are more susceptible to cancers and torsion (a twisting that may lead to a reduced blood supply and tissue death). She also said the other might be easier to find when he is out cold for the x-ray as they relax a bit, or if they could feel it somewhere easy, eg. If a dog has both testicles located within the abdomen male characteristics will still be present, but the dog will be sterile (cannot procreate). Sutures can be removed in 7 to 10 days. It is not a treatment for deep or infected corneal ulcers as it does not provide adequate support, impedes penetration of medications and prevents observation of the eye. Another potential complication of a cryptorchid testicle may be torsion, or twisting of the blood vessels around the spermatic duct. Surgical removal of the normal and retained testes is the only treatment for cryptorchidism. Sometimes there may be an acute onset of abdominal pain. From UK: 01-45-222-6154; From anywhere: (1)-530-756-4881; From Australia: 02-6145-2357 Enucleation, like amputation, should always be a last resort. If, however, they are still in the abdomen, your vet will need to operate on your pet to find and remove them. . Abdominal retained testes can be located anywhere between the kidney and the inguinal ring. The following pages detail most of our fees. Cryptorchism is defined as the failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum. Cryptorchidism occurs when one or both of the testicles are not in the scrotum (or sac). West Sussex, UK. Dogs weighing more than 45kg. Dog breeds most likely affected include Yorkshire terrier, Pomeranian, poodle, Siberian husky, miniature schnauzer, Shetland sheepdog, Chihuahua, German shepherd, dachshund, and brachycephalic breeds. Ensure that the structure being ligated and removed is in fact the testis. Affected animals are otherwise normal. One or more testicles positioned subcutaneously rather than being within the scrotum. Perform routine castration for testicle in normal scrotal location. This anatomical feature makes it extremely easy to find an abdominal testicle. The People's Dispensary for Sick Animals. . A cryptorchid horse's testes may be located under the skin near the inguinal canal, within the canal, or outside the abdominal cavity. Allianz Insurance plc is authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority. The lid margins near the lateral canthus should be incised for 3 4 mm and sutured with a two layer closure. He looks like a cheeky scamp!! Financial Services Register No. As with any operation, your dog will need to be monitored closely while they recover. Call Us: (800) 511-9172 . 5-0 or 6-0 suture is placed in a continuous pattern in the conjunctive and in an interrupted pattern in the skin. Cryptorchidism/neuter surgery. Atotal of 83 crytorchid testes (57 unilateral and 13 bilateral) were recognised in 70 animals post-slaughter at three abattoirs in the south west of England between June 2000-January 2004. If your dog has one retained and one normal testicle, its important that your vet removes both of them - this means that your dog may have more than one wound after their operation. When the vet confirms there is no bleeding, the incision will be closed. This means that the operation will be longer and more expensive than a standard cat castration, although the surgery is rarely particularly dangerous and . This advice is for UK pets only. A doctor will likely recommend surgery to correct the placement of the testicle that. It is very rare for an animal not to have testicles entirely. The dangers of hidden testicles in dogs and cats. At the same level as the rectus fascia incision, bluntly create an opening into the peritoneal cavity with mosquito forceps. The deep epigastric vessel runs about 12 cm lateral to the linea alba just deep to the rectus abdominus muscle. Locating an abdominal testicle is generally very easy. This is also called undescended testicle (s) or retained testicle (s). The bulbar conjunctive is incised at the 12 o'clock potion with a Steven's tenotomy scissors. TRUE. The average cost of abdominal cryptorchid orchiectomy in the United States is $600. Is your dog or cat susceptible to Cryptorchidism? Once your dog has recovered you will need to return them to exercise gradually. To remove the cryptorchid testicle in pigs, an incision in made in the paralumbar fossa with the pig in lateral recumbency with the affected side up. Cryptorchid surgery and simple ophthalmic procedures (Proceedings) March 31, 2010. and on farms, during the UK outbreak of the disease. Because cryptorchidism requires sterilization and because cryptorchid sterilization is not considered routine, the expense associated with treating cryptorchid animals is necessarily higher than for non-affected animals. I think you're right, would be good to get them done now if poss. Contact your vet for advice if you are unable to feel both testicles in your dogs scrotum by the time they are 6 months old. It's a bit early for him really (5.5 months, as he is a ped) but to spare him more anaesthetics I think it is better, if they can get them out easily now. Spay/Neuter prices are determined by the size of your dog or cat. If cancer of the testicle is found, a consultation with an oncologist will be recommended.
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